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Objective@#To investigate eating behavior and associated family factors of preschool children during the prevalence of Corona Virus Disease(COVID-19), and to provide scientific basis for healthy eating behavior for preschool children.@*Methods@#A total of 1 829 preschool children were investigated by electronic questionnaire from 5 kindergartens in Shenzhen from March 18-20, 2020. SPSS 19.0 was used to perform logistic regression analysis on the factors for eating behavior.@*Results@#The rate of unhealthy eating behavior during the prevalence of COVID-19 was 47.2%. The rate of unhealthy eating behaviors in boys and girls were 46.1% and 48.4%, respectively. And there was no significant difference between different genders(χ 2=1.02，P=0.31). The rate of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children aged 3-, 4-, 5- and 6- were 56.6%, 56.8%, 42.3% and 29.9%, respectively, and the differences between different ages were significant(χ 2=72.17，P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that fathers high education level, mothers education level(OR=0.78，0.77，0.21), and parents satisfaction with children s eating were associated with low nutritional problems of child, while parental permission to play while eating, criticize while eating, force child to eat more and force child to eat foods they do not like, and parental concerns about children s appetite, were associated with more unhealthy eating behavior(OR=6.29，1.80，2.20，1.70，2.16)(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors of preschool children during the prevalence of COVID-19 is lower than usual, but the health education of preschool children s families still needs to be strengthened.
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AIM: To observe the expression of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) within the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) and to explore the relationship between the activated CRH-containing neurons and sympathetic activity in rats with heart failure (HF).METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation to induce HF, and chronic intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion was performed by osmotic pump for 4 weeks.The rats in sham group and HF group were given vehicle (VEH;artificial cerebrospinal fluid 0.25 μL/h).The rats in HF plus treatment group were treated with CRH competitive inhibitor αh-CRH (15 mg/h).Meanwhile, the Lewis rats and Fischer 344 rats for control study also underwent coronary ligation to induce HF or sham surgery.After 4 weeks, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and maximum positive/negative change in pressure over time (±dp/dtmax) were determined.The right ventricular-to-body weight (RV/BW) and lung-to-body weight (lung/BW) ratios were calculated.The renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded and the plasma norepinephrine (NE) level was measured.The expression of CRH in the PVN combined with the plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) levels were measured.RESULTS: Compared with the sham-SD rats, the HF-SD rats had a greater number of CRH positive neurons in the PVN (accordingly the plasma ACTH levels were increased), accompanied by decreased ±dp/dtmax and increased RSNA, plasma NE, LVEDP, lung/BW and RV/BW.However, ICV treatment with αh-CRH attenuated these changes in the HF-SD rats (P<0.05).Compared with the sham-Fisher 344 rats, the HF-Fisher 344 rats also had a greater number of CRH positive neurons in the PVN (accordingly the plasma ACTH levels were increased).In addition, they had significantly increased RSNA and plasma NE level, higher LVEDP, RV/BW and lung/BW, and lower ±dp/dtmax (P<0.05).Compared with the SHAM-Lewis rats, the HF-Lewis rats had not significantly changed in the above parameters.CONCLUSION: In CHF, the CRH-containing neurons in PVN are activated, thus aggravating cardiac function by increasing sympathoexcitation.
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Objective To investigate the changes of Th1/Th2 cytokines and its relationship with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in pretreatment of relieving nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Methods The 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, liver injury group and LPS pretreatment group. The rats were given normal diet in normal control group,high-sucrose and high-fat diet both in liver injury group and in LPS pretreatment group, and the rats in LPS pretreatment group were given hypodermic injection of LPS 0. 5 mg/kg every other day. The level of plasma endotoxin (ET), activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined. At the end of week 9, the rats were executed, and the liver tissue slices were prepared to investigate hepatic pathologic change by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Results The level of plasma ET was significantly higher in liver injury group than in normal control group. The level of plasma ALT and infiltrating lymphocytes in liver tissue were significantly lower in LPS pretreatment group than in liver injury group. The level of plasma TNF-α was significantly lower in LPS pretreatment group compared with liver injury group.In contrast, the level of plasma IL-10 was higher (P＜0. 05). Histology with HE staining showed that hepatocyte steatosis was obviously relieved with smaller lipid droplet in LPS pretreatment group than in liver injury group. Conclusions LPS pretreatment can alleviate high-sucrose and high-fat induced NASH. The disequilibrium of Th1/Th2 cytokines may be an important part of mechanism.